Sweden Health Social Care System Health And Social Care Essay

Sweden Health Social Care System Health And Social Care Essay Swedens area on a guide can be recognized neighboring the nations Finland and Norway. Sweden is situated in the northern region of the mainland of Europe, and contiguous numerous collections of waters. Sweden has a consistent populace at generally more than 9 million occupants. As we are called Americans here in the United States, residents of Sweden are alluded to by their country as Swedes (Central Intelligence Agency [CIA], 2010).Swedens working society is fascinating. Swedens government is exceptionally generous towards work benefits for residents with youngsters. The United States Department of State (2009) announced, guardians are qualified for an aggregate of 480 days paid leave at 80% of a legislature decided pay top among birth and childs eighth birthday celebration (individuals, para. 4.). Religion in Sweden is likewise a piece of societys culture. There are a sum of eight primary religions to browse at present inside the nation, be that as it may, Lutheran is by all accoun ts the favored decision, with in any event 87% of residents deciding to rehearse under this religion as their favored confidence (CIA, 2010). Swedens government is based on a government protected based framework (CIA, 2010). Human services is all around organized in Sweden, as per the Health Systems in Transition (2005) the Swedish social insurance framework is sorted out at three levels: national, territorial, and neighborhood (Health Systems in Transition [HIT], 2005, p.2). In Sweden, inhabitants are required to have medical coverage. The administration pays for their residents medical coverage through awards inside the state, and duties (HIT, 2005, p.4) In Sweden, it isn't frequently observed that residents pay for their own autonomous protection. Truth be told, just 2.3% of the whole nation was accounted for buying a private arrangement in 2003 (HIT, 2005, p.4). There are a few imperfections inside Swedens medicinal services framework. Sweden has a deficiency of specialists for every patient proportion, which can cause a few degrees of dissatisfactions when expecting to see an authority because of a normal of 2.8 doctors accessible per individual (HIT,2005, p.5). In the wake of expressing the past realities, the absence of doctors might turn into a significant worry inside the nation of Sweden; be that as it may, word related treatment shows an incredible development level. As indicated by Council of Occupational Therapist for the European Countries (2009), today in Sweden, OT is very much perceived as a training based on sound logical establishments (Council of Occupational Therapist for the European Countries [COTEC], 2009, n.p). The measure of Occupational specialist accessible is decidedly consistent. Starting at 2009, globally Sweden is one of the best three pioneers in Europe, with more than 10,100 enrolled word relat ed advisor revealed by the COTEC database (Council of Occupational specialist for the European Countries [COTEC], 2009, p.4). With this measure of Occupational advisors accessible for persistent consideration, this number ought to be useful to complete the concentration and add commitments to this wellbeing calling. In Sweden, the future is phenomenal. A Swede is relied upon to carry on with a normal existence of 80 years. Insights show that ladies are living longer, averaging 83 years contrasted with men just assessed at living until a normal of 78 years (CIA, 2009). Unmistakably the geriatric populace is exceptionally esteemed in Sweden. As per Swedish Institute (2007), Sweden contributes a greater amount of its total national output in its old residents than some other nation on the planet (p.1). In Sweden, word related specialists are in some cases contrasted with medical caretakers. Be that as it may, a word related specialists centers and worries for the geriatric populace are surely known inside its calling. When alluding to word related specialist in Sweden Evertsson Lindqist (2005) expressed, they mean to shape collusions with neighboring government assistance state callings in social administrations, medicinal services, and social consideration of the old and crippled (p.266). In the w ake of looking and perusing various examination databases concerning word related treatment in Sweden, dominant part of articles discovered were contemplates concerning the geriatric or impaired populace, it very well may be comprehended that Sweden profoundly values these populaces. In Sweden, specialists are attempting to push this concentration ahead by contributing investigations towards better mediations for older patients inside the intense consideration setting. Specialists figure, word related treatment ought to be viewed as an important asset in the intense consideration of old people, encouraging the home circumstance and with an attention on empowering movement. Further bigger investigations assessing word related treatment mediations in intense consideration are required (Wressle et al.,2006, p. 209).Sweden comprehends the requirement for word related advisors in this populace, scientists expressed, we thought of it as a favorable position to utilize word related special ists with experience of geriatric wards, as need appraisals, assistive gadgets, release arranging, and move of data to the following parental figure give significant respect in geriatric consideration (Wressle et al., 2006, p. 208). In Sweden, there are a sum of ten organizations offering a degree in word related treatment. Numerous projects just give an opportunity to get a lone rangers or bosses (World Federation of Occupational Therapist [WFOT], 2009). In Sweden, word related specialists don't have their own hypothetical models. Scientists expressed, little is thought about what hypothetical references utilized in the word related treatment practice(Haglund, Ekbladh, Thorell Hallberg, 2000, p. 108). Studies are being never really further specialists comprehension of what sorts of hypothetical methodologies or models are best while surveying a customer. Projects in Sweden reference various nations models and speculations so as to teach their advisor (Mulersdorf Ivarson, 2008). In Sweden, word related advisors endeavor to be to better by utilizing the most assets accessible to them as could reasonably be expected, scientists propose, proficient reasoning additionally causes the word related specialist to disclo se the treatment to the customer, which experts in Sweden are obliged to do (Haglund et al., 2000, p.107). Plainly word related treatment scientists in Sweden drive the significance of understanding the importance of their calling so as to help improve as specialist. Specialists state, when word related advisor approach patients it is significant that word related specialists can separate the importance and substance of occupation as utilized by patients and as utilized with regards to word related treatment (Mullersdorf Ivarsson, 2008, p.42). As referenced beforehand, Sweden is endeavoring to make their very own hypothesis, however starting at now, advisors concede in a past report to utilizing the Model of Human Occupation the most (Haglund et al., 2000, p.112). Subsequent to looking through databases, and finding sufficient measure of studies finished with the geriatric and crippled populace, it very well may be comprehended that examination is continually engaged towards them. Word related specialists think it is critical to realize how to keep on thinking about these patients. One specific examination proclaimed it is essential to comprehend what word related specialist can do to cause these customers to take part more in treatment meetings, scientist expressed as demonstrated by the aftereffects of this investigation, information about incapacitated people groups mentality to recovery and backing from nature is significant for the improvement of restoration administrations, particularly taking into account the expanding number of older people(Lilja, Bergh, Johansson Nygard, 2003, p.88). Alongside rewarding these customers word related advisor in Sweden have been known to confront moral issues as well. Kassberg Skar (2008) expressed outco mes demonstrated that moral predicaments were basic in the word related advisors every day work, and a large number of the moral circumstances were identified with the work with customers and their family members, and other human services providers(p.206). A few settings need more examinations to be never really improve this callings viewpoint. In dangerous treatment settings, there are predetermined number of studies assessing word related treatment mediations in intense consideration (Wressle et al. 2006). Other than issues inside the intense consideration setting, analysts see more examinations are required towards generally recovery techniques so as to move the information on the definitely known forward. Specialists think, Investigation of the hugeness of factors, for example, mentalities and saw gains or dangers following from recovery in bigger populaces of old impaired individuals is another road for future examination (Lilja et al., 2003, p.91). With the past articulation b eing referenced by the scientists, it tends to be comprehended that Sweden wants to branch into more research and extend the concentration towards the geriatric populace further. In the wake of perusing all the past referenced exploration, ends can be drawn that Swedens word related specialists are relied upon to see a development in their geriatric populace care. Because of numerous diaries distributed about geriatric and incapacitated Swedes, unmistakably Swedens fundamental centers are these two populaces. It is comprehended in the wake of learning about word related treatment in Sweden that, specialists will keep on driving the attention on making a hypothesis or model that Sweden can call their own in order to keep their word related advisors advance in this calling. Until that day comes, Sweden will keep on utilizing different nations structure and models to convey the information expected to improve their advisor.

Comparison and Contrast Essay on the Narration of The Cask of Amontillado and The Black Cat Example For Students

Correlation and Contrast Essay on the Narration of The Cask of Amontillado and The Black Cat Edgar Allen Poe is the creator of numerous incredible bits of writing. He utilizes his storytellers to clarify circumstances that are going on in their life. The storytellers of The Cask of Amontillado and The Black Cat exhibit their adoration for keeps an eye on brutality to man and creatures through terrible killings. In Cask of Amontillado, Montresor is the storyteller. The thousand of wounds of Fortunato he has borne as he best could; yet when he adventures upon affront, Montresor pledges vengeance (Poe 528). As the story unfurls, Montresors thought of flawless retribution is naturally exact and legitimate in detail with respect to how he carries out his wrongdoing (Delaney 1). While at the fair, Montresor got the absolute best Amontillado wine to use in his wrathful arrangement to kill Fortunato. He at that point meets his companion, Fortunato. Fortunato is wearing a tight fitting parti-striped dress and head is overcomed by the cone shaped top and chimes (Poe 528). By him wearing this outfit, makes it incredible for the storyteller since he is going to make an idiot out of Fortunato. Montresor is a manipulative individual. He challenges Fortunatos connoisseurship on wine sampling and leads him to his family bequest. At the point when they show up at the Montresor home, Montresor drives Fortunato down the steps into the sepulchers. Down here is the place the Amontillado Fortunato is going to taste and where the vengeance of Montresor is going to happen. As he draw nearer and closer, the storyteller opens up increasingly more to how he is going to execute his companion. It sound like it is a planned homicide. Montresor appears to be subtle to the point that he demonstrations like he thinks about Fortunato which is as yet a piece of his arrangement. Montresor makes another manipulative move and says we will return; your wellbeing is valuable (Poe 529). This is the manner by which the storyteller demonstrations like he thinks about him, yet in actuality he is couldn't care less about him. So to keep adding wood to the fire, Montresor gives Fortunato some more wine to keep him alcoholic. Further down in the sepulchers, Fortunato clarifies that he is a Mason by flaunting particular signs. Montresor on the otherhand is a bricklayer as well. He is a block bricklayer. He conveyed a trowel underneath the folds of his rolquelaire (Poe 529). Montresor submits murder in a terrible manner. When he gets to the base of the tombs where the Amontillado is assume to be, Fortunato is all around inebriated. This is actually what Montresor needs. Montresor as of now has snares and chains in the divider where he is going to tie up his so call companion Fortunato. He says that he has shackled him to the rock (Poe 530). The peruser may believe that Montresor is going to leave Fortunato to bite the dust in the chains. Rather, Montresor moves a few bones off the beaten path and starts to divider the inebriated person up. This is the means by which wanton Montresor is with regards to murdering Fortunato. As the wine of Fortunato wears off, Montresor keeps directly on building. He never truly considers how wrong this is. He is simply out to seek retribution for the abuse of Fortunato. He at last completes the divider with Fortunato behind it, secured chains holding tight his deathbed. Montresor is so resolved to make this homicide a total achievement that he makes the divider resemble the remainder of the dividers in the tombs. Against new workmanship he reerects the old defense of bones (Poe 531). This is important to keep the vibe of the mausoleums unique on the off chance that he wouldn't like to get captured. .u3dd90ecf7883ca4dac999bab11ad1d98 , .u3dd90ecf7883ca4dac999bab11ad1d98 .postImageUrl , .u3dd90ecf7883ca4dac999bab11ad1d98 .focused content territory { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u3dd90ecf7883ca4dac999bab11ad1d98 , .u3dd90ecf7883ca4dac999bab11ad1d98:hover , .u3dd90ecf7883ca4dac999bab11ad1d98:visited , .u3dd90ecf7883ca4dac999bab11ad1d98:active { border:0!important; } .u3dd90ecf7883ca4dac999bab11ad1d98 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u3dd90ecf7883ca4dac999bab11ad1d98 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; progress: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u3dd90ecf7883ca4dac999bab11ad1d98:active , .u3dd90ecf7883ca4dac999bab11ad1d98:hover { obscurity: 1; change: mistiness 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u3dd90ecf7883ca4dac999bab11ad1d98 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relati ve; } .u3dd90ecf7883ca4dac999bab11ad1d98 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content design: underline; } .u3dd90ecf7883ca4dac999bab11ad1d98 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u3dd90ecf7883ca4dac999bab11ad1d98 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content enhancement: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3dd90ecf7883ca4dac999bab11ad1d98:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u3dd90ecf7883c a4dac999bab11ad1d98 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u3dd90ecf7883ca4dac999bab11ad1d98-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u3dd90ecf7883ca4dac999bab11ad1d98:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: The activity of The Chosen unfurls in the foreigner network of Williamsburg, Brooklyn, against the setting of World War II EssayMontresor polishes off the homicide and seeks retribution for the put-down of Fortunato. Operating at a profit Cat, the storyteller is obscure. Like Montresor, the Narrator is this character who goes from mental stability to craziness. This mental stability is accomplished through a progression of family occasions. In their results, these occasions frightens, torments, and demolishes the Narrator (Poe 522). The Narrator is hitched and has pets. They have winged animals, gold-fish, a fine canine, hares, a little monkey, and a feline (Poe 522). The felines name is Pluto. As opposed to Montresors companion, Pluto, the feline, is the Narrators companion. Operating at a profit Cat the Narrator is a heavy drinker not at all like in The Cask of Amontillado the foe is the drunkard. After a few nights of inebriation, savagery against his significant other and different pets, he turns on Pluto his companion. He holds onto the feline; when in his trepidation at the storytellers brutality, the feline exacts a slight injury upon the storytellers hand with his teeth (Poe 523). This is the place the storyteller permits the liquor do the deduction for him. He ventures into his pocket and pulls out a pen-blade, opens it, gets a handle on the poor brute by the throat, and intentionally cut one of its eyes from the attachment (Poe 523). Next he rests and awakens drinking once more. After the feline mends, he chooses to hang Pluto. He slips a noose about Plutos neck and drapes it to the appendage of a tree (Poe 523). He did it since he, as Montresor, feels no torment in tormenting his adversary and due to the liquor. The storyteller is out one day and finds a second feline that is like Pluto. Like Pluto, it has been denied of one of its eyes (Poe 525). The spouse of the storyteller loves the feline. As the story develops, the Narrator in the end starts to detest the new feline simply as he did Pluto. Like The Cask of Amontillado, the fierceness of the homicide the storyteller submits occurs in the basement of his home. He goes to the basement one day and is nearly wrecked by the feline while strolling down the steps. This family occasion makes the Narrator upset. He gets a hatchet and means to blow at the creature which, obviously, will demonstrate immediately lethal on the off chance that it plummets as he wishes (Poe 526). His better half at that point steps in the manner to attempt to prevent him from harming the cat. Since she does this, he at that point takes the hatchet and slashes her in the head. She is dead in a split second. The manner in which the proof of the homicide is concealed appears to be moderately ordinary during this timeframe. The Narrator endeavors to shroud the body in a divider in the basement. He evacuates the block and pins the body up in the divider. Next he utilizes mortar and block to divider up the body. He makes it look unique. In contrast to The Cask of Amontillado, operating at a profit Cat the police come searching for the missing spouse. While the police were searching for the body, the Narrator taps on the divider where the body is concealed causing an uproarious cry a crying screeches, half of repulsiveness and half of triumph from the missing feline (Poe 527). This provides the police the insight and promptly starts to tear down the divider to get to the body. The Narrator is in this way got. The storytellers of The Cask of Amontillado and The Black Cat are indistinguishable yet vary from multiple points of view. They murder their adversaries with no regret at all towards them. At the point when they execute somebody, they endeavor to conceal them in dividers by bricking them up. The thing that matters is that in The Cask of Amontillado, Montresor watches Fortunato kick the bucket gradually, a retribution slaughtering. Operating at a profit Cat, the Narrator slaughters his significant other in a split second because of her stepping in the method of him attempting to kill the feline.

Anne Bradstreet :: essays papers

Anne Bradstreet Anne Bradstreet’s verse reflects Puritan thinking like daylight delicately gleaming on a peaceful nation lake. There is life and much movement just underneath the peaceful surface, yet one must look beneath to find its profundity. As the primary prominent artist in American writing, it is fitting that this young lady, a result of an atypical childhood, should utilize her broad instruction to communicate thought and feeling great past the compositions of her time. In any case, her works constantly mirrored the regular qualities and strict establishment of her timespan. In the sonnet IN REFERENCE TO HER CHILDREN she composes , â€Å" I had eight winged creatures incubated in one home, Four chickens there were, and hens the rest. I breast fed them up with torment and care, Nor cost , nor work did I save, Till at the last they felt their wing, Mounted trees and figured out how to sing † ( 1 †6 ). This symbolism is solid, she need not portray the trilling of the juveniles or the stirring of the leaves as the home influences delicately on its arborous roost. However the peruser gives this filler since she writes in a way that is natural to all of us. Absolutely it is recognizable to the Puritans, who no uncertainty were on top of nature. The very endurance of the Puritans relied upon their communication and comprehension of nature. Despite the fact that, she communicates her instinctual nurturing worries in her composing , the sonnet finishes in an outflow of reasonable purpose to the unavoidable pattern of life. â€Å"Farewell, my flying c reatures, goodbye farewell, I cheerful am, if well with you.† It isn't just her perceptions that Anne Bradstreet imparts to us, however she really lets her emotions take structure in her exposition. This is actually the first run through in American writing that a writer has made the way for the room of their inward feelings. Truth be told, she never truly imagined that they would be distributed or even perused at all by any other person. What a misfortune it would have been to every one of us in the event that we never had the chance to share Anne Bradstreet’s encounters with her. She had a lot to offer despite the fact that she was condemning of her own compositions. In the sonnet

Nelson Mandela life and times of South Africas anti-apartheid hero - Free Essay Example

Nearing the end of his life Nelson Mandela said, When a man is denied the right to live the life he believes in, he has no choice but to become an outlaw (Meah). Mandela realized that in order to make a difference in his society, he had to become a rebel. Mandela fought against apartheid in South Africa, by leading different campaigns against it. He was a Nelson Mandela was a rebel in his time, but he made a great impact on the world. In Mandelas youth, he embraced the fight against apartheid. During the early, 1950s the ANC launched protests called The Defiance Campaign against the unjust laws of apartheid. Mandela co founded an organization called Umkhonto we Sizwe, in which they launched five bombs on power stations and government buildings in Johannesburg. I believe that Mandelas stand was right. Ha and fifteen others were arrested for 221 acts of sabotage as well as being accused of trying to overthrow the government. Mandela stood in the dock during the trial and expressed, What I did was right. I had no alternative. Freedom will come to South Africa one day, and even if you hang me it will only give inspiration to others. I plead not guilty (Editorial). Mandela was determined to defend his actions because he was rebelling against the worthy cause of abolishing apartheid. I believe he is a great example of a freedom fighter. He was willing to do whatever he had to do to help bring freedom to his country (Mandela). After the Rivonia Trial, In 1962 Mandela was accused of scheming to overthrow the state. He was given a life sentence, however he only served for 27 years. In the book a Long Walk to Freedom, Nelson Mandela describes his time during his imprisonment at Robben Island as the dark years. He was confined to a small cell without a bed or plumbing. He was forced to work at a quarry, which he says was, an attempt to crush our spirits despite the blistered and bleeding hands, we were invigorated, (Mandela, 404). He later explains how the time working outside made him feel strong, because he was able to use his muscles. Even through the obstacle of being in prison, Mandelas spirit never broke. During his time at Robben Island, he continued to be the symbolic leader of the anti-apartheid movement and also went on to improve living conditions at Robben Island through civil disobedience (Mandela). In the end of Nelson Mandelas book a Long Walk to Freedom, he reflects on his life. Nelson Mandela was a leader who spent his entire life attempting fight for freedom. During his time in prison his hunger for freedom grew. He longed for freedom for not only his people, but for everyone, white and black . He learned that, a man that takes another persons freedom, is a prisoner of hatred, he is locked behind the bars of prejudice (Mandela, 624). He learned that freedom isnt something that he had fully accomplished, but it was something for which he must continue to strive. He learned even though he had accomplished so much and had come so far that he would never be done (Mandela). There are many great lessons we can learn from Nelson Mandela. We can learn the importance of being a peacemaker. We can look at his determination to end discrimination. We can see that he never gave up hope, even after he spent 27 years in prison. The most important lesson we can learn is how to be a good leader which includes all of these good qualities which Mandela manifested. A good leader cant direct all by himself, but he can influence and encourage those underneath him. A good leader cant face victory all alone, because there were always followers to help along the way. He knew how to celebrate not only his accomplishments, but also the accomplishments that he was able to perform because of all of the companions who helped him (Ellen). Nelson Mandela risked everything when he started to fight against apartheid. He spent a little less than a third of his life in prison because of his actions which he took against the discrimination that his people faced. He recognized what he could accomplish, if he could set his mind to it; and that is what he did. His rebellion did send him to prison; however, it sent a message to the people of South Africa. He was a symbol for liberation, because he was a imprisoned man who became free. He was also a symbol for hope because even after 27 years of prison, he wasnt discouraged, but instead; he was rejuvenated, ready to get back on the wagon (Wezithombe). In recent years Mandela has come under fire for having failed to change the economic equalities in South Africa where a handful of whites and elites remain in absolute control. These grievances are not completely true. Mandela was a symbol of hope, courage, and reconciliation who led his nation to democracy. Although some people still live in poverty, that is true even in America. In democracies you will always have rich and poor, but the opportunities to improve ones situation is the goal for which Mandela spent his life. Although Mandela had conquered many obstacles, he realized that there were still many mountains to climb for apartheid. He realized that with freedom comes responsibility. Even as Americans, although we are free, we have to continue the fight for freedom, or slowly watch it drift away. Those who criticize Mandela, are blinded by their nearsighted view of liberty, The fight for freedom will be one that has to be continually preserved by the sacrifice of those like Mandela. Apartheid was the fight that Mandela chose to stand against. He was imprisoned for 27 years. During this time his spirit never broke. He continued his fight for the rights of the prisoners, and once released never gave up his fight . Mandalearned the the fight for apartheid would never be over. Those coming behind would have to continue the fight for freedom. We can learn how to be a good leaders how to be celebrate his accomplishments and thank those who help him. Although Mandela can be classified as a rebel, Mandela benefited the society of South Africa for the better by starting the fight for apartheid. His fight for freedom will be a path for future generations to follow.

Essay The Ivory Trade Ban - 2541 Words

A small herd of elephants spends the afternoon grazing on the wind swept grass of the savannah in the sweltering African sun. A few young calves playfully bounce around their mother’s legs. This peaceful vision is just a time of quiet before a bloody scene unfolds. What this small herd is blissfully unaware of is that poachers are quietly stalking them with murderous intent. This herd of elephants has a plethora of â€Å"white gold†. These poachers are after only one thing from the elephants, they are after their tusk made of ivory. By the end of the day the herd will practically be obliterated with only a small number of lucky survivors. Unfortunately, poaching elephants is not an atypical event throughout man African countries.†¦show more content†¦The US provided aid to those countries who stood to lose the most from the ban. Countries like Botswana, Kenya, and Namibia had successfully managed the elephant populations within their boundaries. On a few occasions the ban has been lifted in order to allow countries to sell, for profit, the large stocks of ivory tusks that have been accumulated from elephants who either died from natural causes, poaching, or had to be destroyed. CITES has voted to lift the ban twice. Once in 1999 which resulted in a one-time sale of 60 tons of ivory and another lift was authorized in 2002 (CITES revises ivory trade policy. and Randerson, James 2). The administration of President William J. Clinton supported the lifting the ban to allow the countries to sell remaining stocks of ivory as long as there was an agreement to use a portion of the proceeds to fund conservation and preservation programs (Clinton Statement on Proposals To Reopen Trade in Elephant Ivory and Whale Products.†). There are 37 countries or â€Å"range states† through out sub-Saharan Africa in which elephants are found (Poilecot, NGakoutou, and Taloua 9). To many indigenous people elephants are a source of bush meat, but their ‘white gold’ can prove to be a substantial reward for poachers. For example in Kenya and uncarved piece of ivory in 1969 was worthShow MoreRelated The Ivory Trade and the Slaughter of Elephants776 Words   |  4 PagesThe Ivory Trade and the Slaughter of Elephants It is hard to equate an austere piano recital with the murder of hundreds of thousands of wild animals. For that matter, it is equally as difficult to relate that horrific scene with my grandmother’s antique hairpins, but the fact of the matter is that the creamy ivory that is so cherished as a sign of wealth, culture, and tradition is really the result of the work of poachers. How can those delicate hairpins be the topic of international debateRead MoreIllegal Animal Trade Essay890 Words   |  4 Pagesspecies of animals have gone extinct (Ryder, 214). Illegal trade generates billions of dollars and is therefore highly popular. 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These diverse collection of tusks are kept by the government because it sees value in it. The government notices the booming ivory trade industry, and they believe selling the stockpile one day will bring profit to the nation. Then, the profit brought from the trade will be used for conservationRead MoreInternational Union For Conservation Of Nature1488 Words   |  6 Pagesanimals by protecting them better and to be able to file lawsuits to anyone who commits in destroying animal wildlife. The House of Representatives of Pennsylvania has issued a new bill in the beginning year of 2017 establishing the end of elephant ivory and rhinoceros horns trading sales. The House Bill 248 is the best policy because it will put an end to poaching elephants and rhinoceros as well as selling and taking possessions of both items saving millions of dollars and giving these beautifulRead MoreThe Ivory Trade And Its Effect On The Trade1845 Words   |  8 Pagesthe world. The ivory trade is a practice that has been in place for centuries. In the last one to two hundred years, the negative impacts of the trade have begun to surface. The elephant populations, specifically in Africa, are rapidly declining with the illegal trade taking place today. The ban on the ivory trade was put into place in order to save the elephant populations and reduce the harmful environmental impacts. The use of international law in the creation of the ban on the trade and the currentRead MoreElephants : Sub Sahara Africa1719 Words   |  7 Pageshuge tusks that enables them to strip bark from trees, and to dig for food. The elephants also use the tusks to fight one another but, the need of ivory has contributed to a lot more dangerous stunts. Ivory has become valuable to people in Africa and all over the world that it has led to a large number of deaths of elephants for the tusks. Ivory trade in the past twenty years has been made illegal but, however, it has not been fully eradicated which has led to the elephant population to be endangeredRead MoreThe Heart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad983 Words   |  4 Pagesimmoral humans can be when pursuing greed and power. The Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad gives us a good understanding of the real li fe issues that affected the Congo Independent State in the 1890s which included European imperialism, free market ivory trade, and many European atrocities against the African natives. European imperialism was forced on the Congo Independent State by King Leopold II. â€Å"In aspiring to become a modern-day pharaoh, King Leopold began his African venture in September 1876†Read MoreThe World s Largest African Elephant1125 Words   |  5 Pagesto the ground. The carcass of 45-year-old elephant with its face mutilated and great tusks hacked off was left for vultures and scavengers. Poachers had killed Satao with poisoned arrows for the ivory that weighed over 100 pounds. According to the data provided by Landmark Analysis, poachers seeking ivory had killed more than 100,000 African elephants in just three years. One of the largest mass elephant slaughter in decades took place in Cameroon, in 2012 where poachers using Ak47s and grenades had

Parenting Styles in Differnt Cultures - 2804 Words

Parenting Styles in Different Cultures Elizabeth L. Walsh Psychology 223 Parenting style is one of many factors that strongly influence child development. One’s choice of parenting style is most often molded by their cultural background. American parents use a myriad of parenting styles, all of which have their roots in various cultural beliefs about which method is best to raise a child. In 1971, clinical and developmental psychologist, Diana Baumrind, recognized three different categories of parenting styles that she believed described most parents’ methods (Berger, 2011). Parents who fell into the authoritarian style of parenting set high standards and strict rules for their children. Disobedience was not tolerated and was met†¦show more content†¦Thus, the children will be socialized under different conditions. Authoritarian and permissive parenting styles practiced in select cultures outside of the European-American context exemplify this. Criticized by many Westerners for its harshness and controlling approach, authorita rian parenting has found more success in Asian and Arab cultures (Grusec, Rudy, Martini, 1997; Dwairy et al., 2006). In Asian cultures, which would include the Chinese, Vietnamese, Koreans, Japanese, etc., Confucian principles are strongly embraced, and therefore, profoundly shape social relationships and moral ethics. In particular, Confucius stressed that a person should respect and obey authority without question, and to seize every opportunity to learn and perfect oneself (Chao, 1994). Rooted in this philosophy, Asians have chosen to use a very strict, controlling, and restrictive approach to parenting. Recently adding fuel to the notion that Asian’s authoritarian parenting style is harsh, oppressive, and sometimes even cruel, is the controversial book, â€Å"Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mom,† by Amy Chua (2011), a Professor of Law at Yale Law School. Chua’s book shares her experiences raising her two daughters â€Å"the Chinese way.† Some of her m emoirs describing her authoritarian parental tactics were viewed by the American public as disturbing. Chua (2011)

Impact of Emerging Markets on Marketing †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Impact of Emerging Markets on Marketing. Answer: Introduction Five business graduates from Southern Cross University analyzed the Australian market and as per their research, they started the business of "CHEERS" beer. They started the business over the Gold Coast as this is very famous place across the local public as well as for tourists too. This place is covered with sandy beaches, theme parks are also situated i.e. dream world, sea world, etc. These people started their business in the year 2010 with the initial capital of $500,000 under which each partners' share was equal. At that time, craft beer was newly launched in the Australia and taking that advantage they set up their start up business by delivering three varieties of craft beer. Their start up business was growing at rapid rate and by the end of the year 2015-2016, turnover of the organization was reached at the level of $30 million and the number of employees was also increased from 8to 28. This was the very big achievement for business graduates but after 2015-2016 financial y ears, organization's growth didn't increase and it remains constant. To review this, they planned to expand their business in the international market and while reviewing the international market, management of the organization selected India and Brazil as their favorite countries to expand their business. They asked their International Operations Manager which was newly appointed in the CHEERS organization to perform risk assessment and opportunities analysis so that appropriate decision could be taken in relevance with the expansion of the business. Analysis of Risks and Opportunities The risk is the factor which reduces the business' ability to perform certain activities or it increases the chances of losses through performing those activities. Under this scenario, CHEERS organizations management has decided to review the market risks and opportunities present in the Indian and Brazilian market. Analysis of potential risk factors will help the organization to reduce the effect of risks factors. Apart from analyzing and reviewing, controlling risks factors should also be determined. Acceptance of risk, transfer of risk and ignorance of the risk are three factors which are also defined as the risk controlling or risk bearing factors. These factors help the business after its commencement (Successive, et. al., 2014). Indian culture and Brazilian culture are very distinctive from each other. In India, traditionally beer was manufactured from rice and millet but then European beer was introduced in the 18th century and beer is not much famous as the alcoholic drink there in relevance with whiskey. Brazil is known for its huge consumption of beer. It is the third largest beer consuming country across the globe. Whereas, in 2016 both country's beer consumption was analyzed on the basis of per capita consumption of 57 liters of India and 61 liters for Brazil. Indian market is growing rapidly in terms of beer consumption. As per a recent survey report, it is found that beer consumption in Indian market is growing at a growth of 7.5% in next five years except for various hurdles (Sheth, 2011). Indian market is full of risk for international brands because their consumption of costly beer is less in respect of cheap beer. Certain obstacles that could be faced by the CHEERS organization is restrictions on licensing, ban on advertising and on promoting the alcoholic products in the whole country. Apart from these risks, local tax rate over alcoholic and tobacco product are huge over there. While comparing Indian breweries' market risks with Brazilian market's risk, it is found that Brazilian market does not have much scope for outside brands in breweries field. Standard Lager beers are very popular over there and this brand occupies approximately 98% of market share. Brazil is also defined as the unregulated alcohol market as there many accidents are recorded in drink and drive basis. A lot of times, policies have been developed in Brazil in relevance with drinking programs but every time, all the methods, policies, techniques adopted resulted in the failure (Bharwani Mathew s, 2012). The threat of New Entrants: Indian brewery market has various beer brands including international brands and local brands. In Brazilian brewery market, few brands are available and amongst them, Standard Lager beer is very popular and due to this, chances for any other new brand in Brazil are quite low. Chances of entering into Indian brewery market are quite high in respect of this factor (Enderwick, 2012). The threat of Substitutes: Substitutes for beers are whiskey and all other alcoholic products. Irrespective of any other country, substitutes are available for beer. Consumption of whiskey and other alcoholic drinks are much high in respect of beer in an Indian market. This is because whiskey sounds the bit cheaper than beer. In Brazil, beer is more consumed in respect of any other alcoholic drink. As per this analysis, Brazilian market should be selected for expansion of CHEERS organizations business (Ladi, 2014). Bargaining power of customers: This option is available to consumers when a lot of choices are available in front of consumers. In respect of Indian market, there are many brands are available who are producing ad delivering beer and they all selling their products at different rates. Hence, a consumer has the choice of adopting one of them as per their pocket power. In Brazil, this option is not available to the consumer because 98% of market share is covered by only one beer brand i.e. Standard Lager beer (Flynn, 2011). Bargaining power of Suppliers: This is the same situation as bargaining powers with consumers; the basic difference is, in this scenario, powers are available with suppliers. This is effective when a number of suppliers are less or they only supplier is selling the raw material required for producing the final product. In the scenario for brewery market, alcohol is required which is available from the government only and for that appropriate license is required. Hence, no supplier can implement bargaining strategies (Somdaka, 2014). Industrial Rivalry: These are risk factors involved in every type of industry and in every country. Competition, innovation, promotional expenses, etc. are some of the techniques which are involved in this scenario. As in Indian market, there are large numbers of producers and distributors are available for beer. They all use the different type of promotional strategies and due to ban for advertising alcoholic products in India, companies use other products manufactured under the same name to promote beers. In Brazil, there are no limitations on the advertisement of alcoholic drinks but tough competition may be faced by the CHEERS organization in Brazil. Apart from these risks factors, CHEERS organization has some opportunities strengths, weaknesses and threats too which need to be analyzed separately as per the market conditions. Below is the SWOT analysis of CHEERS organization: Strengths CHEERS organization has achieved targets and goals set up by their management in the very short period of time. CHEERS beer is the type of craft beer and they are dealing with three types of beers. This type of beer is liked and demanded by local as well as tourists (Seidenstricker, Linder Schmitz, 2014). By the end of 2015, organization achieves the turnover of $30 million in just five years. Weaknesses Lack of international markets experience. Lack of knowledge of demand of craft beer in other parts of the globe. Lack of capital which does not allows the organization to promote its products aggressively (Kim Mauborgne, 2014). Opportunities CHEERS organization has the opportunity to establish its position in the aggressive type competition place of the Indian market. The Brazilian market is more challenging because there is only one beer brand, which occupies biggest market share. Apart from being the competitive and challenging market, a demand of CHEERS' beer is very high in various parts of the globe and it will gain its position soon through promotion and advertisement techniques (Haimes, 2015). Threats In the Indian market, a ban on promoting alcoholic products is the biggest threat. In Brazilian market, market share is covered by only one beer brand i.e. Standard Lager (Binod, et. al., 2013). Selected Country The appropriate country for expansion of the CHEERS organizations business would be Brazilian brewery market. The scope for CHEERS has much more there because there is only one beer brand exists since a very long period. Due to this, consumers are also seeking for a change in the taste. They are looking for cheaper prices because Standard Lager beer has adopted the policy of monopoly market due to non-presence of any other organization in the industry (Wheelen Wheelen, 2011). It is observed from the above discussion that both the destinations are full of risk factors as well as of opportunities. Whereas, Indian market, various beer brands available, In Brazil, only one beer brand is available and other brands are not able to develop their distinctive identity. From the perception of CHEERS organization which is looking for market expansion, Brazilian market will be found effective. It is due to chances of setting up their distinctive image in the brewery market is much more in comparison to the Indian market where already various brands are involved in this industry. Irrespective of holding whole market share by Standard Lager beer in the Brazilian market, CHEERS have the opportunity to set up their position because aggressive competition will not be present (Holden, 2011). Proposed Entry Before developing the proposed market entry strategy for the CHEERS beers in the Brazilian brewery market, certain rules and regulations need to determine. The most crucial policies are legal, political, competitors information, trading barriers, etc. before entering into a new market and especially before entering into an international market for selling alcoholic products, various requirements of the host country needs to be fulfilled. CHEERS beers need to submit an application to the government of the Brazil with all documents including a budget of the organization for entering into the Brazilian brewery market in respect to expand their business and to achieve certain set goals and objectives. As they are dealing in the alcoholic drinks i.e. beer, hence; various types of formalities need to fulfilled such as taking the license for selling alcoholic drinks, etc. All these formalities need to be fulfilled in respect of selling the products in the international market (Bourke, et. a l., 2012). These formalities, rules and other procedures consist the one method for entering the international market for trading activities. After getting the permit of entry as well as the permit for performing trading activities in the Brazilian brewery market, CHEERS organization needs to analyze the market research activity in relevance with reviewing the adequate and proposed entry in the new marketing conditions. Brasilia is the capital of the country and this will be the adequate place from which CHEERS organization could take the entry for the purpose of expansion and growth in Brazil. Brasilia is the state where consumption of beer is much high in comparison with the other states of the Brazil. CHEERS organization needs to adopt certain unique methods for promoting their beer for developing an effective goodwill in the new market. Apart from this, offers could also be given to the customers such as by reducing prices of their products by a certain rate which does not affect the profitability of the organization (Saad?Filho, 2015). Conclusion Under this report, analysis of risks factors and opportunities available in the Indian and Brazilian market were discussed for expanding the CHEERS organizations business. Prior to the expansion of the organization management realizes that for achieving higher growth, expansion of the organization will be required. Hence, expansion was selected in the Brazilian brewery market for achieving the desired goals and objectives of the organization. In evaluating the adequate market amongst the India and the Brazil, Porters five forces and SWOT analysis was conducted to select the adequate destination for achieving to the next level of the growth as well as for the expansion of the organization. References Bharwani, S. Mathews, D., 2012, Risk identification and analysis in the hospitality industry: Practitioners' perspectives from India,Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes,4(5), pp.410-427. Binod, P., Palkhiwala, P., Gaikaiwari, R., Nampoothiri, K.M., Duggal, A., Dey, K. Pandey, A., 2013, Industrial Enzymes-Present status and future perspectives for India. Bourke, L., Humphreys, J.S., Wakerman, J. Taylor, J., 2012, Understanding rural and remote health: a framework for analysis in Australia,Health Place,18(3), pp.496-503. Enderwick, P., 2012,Routledge, Understanding emerging markets: China and India. Flynn, M., 2011, Corporate power and state resistance: Brazils use of TRIPS flexibilities for its National AIDS Program,Intellectual Property, Pharmaceuticals and Public Health: Access to Drugs in Developing Countries, pp.149-177. Haimes, Y.Y., 2015,John Wiley Sons, Risk modeling, assessment, and management. Holden, S.S., 2011, Three cheers for new beers: Marketing insights from the birth of boutique brewing in Australia. Kim, W.C. Mauborgne, R.A., 2014,Harvard business review Press, Blue ocean strategy, expanded edition: How to create uncontested market space and make the competition irrelevant. Ladi, Z., 2014, Towards a post-hegemonic world: The multipolar threat to the multilateral order,International Politics,51(3), pp.350-365. Saad?Filho, A., 2015, Social policy for neoliberalism: the Bolsa Famlia programme in Brazil,Development and Change,46(6), pp.1227-1252. Seidenstricker, S., Linder, C. Schmitz, M., 2014, Diversification in Emergent Markets: Possibility for Transferring Technological Core Competencies,South Asian Journal of Business and Management Cases,3(2), pp.187-194. Sheth, J.N., 2011, Impact of emerging markets on marketing: Rethinking existing perspectives and practices,Journal of Marketing,75(4), pp.166-182. Somdaka, M.M., 2014,Doctoral dissertation, University of Cape Town, Motivating factors behind mergers and acquisitions in emerging markets: analysis of activities in Brazil, South Africa and Russia Successive, U.K., Collin, J., Johnson, E. Hillexplore, S., 2014, Government support for the alcohol industry: promoting exports, jeopardising global health?, BMJ,348, p.19. Wheelen, T.L. Hunger, J.D., 2011,Concepts in strategic management and business policy. Pearson Education India.

Major Themes of the Quran

Introduction Various people have written about the Quran seeking to find out what it says about God. The Qur’an is an important book to the Muslim society. It provides guidance and directions about God or rather Allah according to Muslims. Muslims believe that the Quran speaks for itself.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Major Themes of the Qur’an specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Various interpretations that have been advanced by different people serve to join the ideas together. Therefore, the Qur’an is a book that contains God’s message to man. The paper delineates on Rahman’s book ‘Major Themes of the Qur’an seeking to explain the relationship between people and God, as well as the main principles that God expects from people. Relationship between people and God according to Rahman’s book â€Å"Major Themes of the Quran† Qur’an is a b ook that is aimed at communicating spiritual information to man. According to Rahman, the relationship between God and man is special and one that is above any other thing that God created. God is the creator of the universe and its composition that includes man to whom he provides guidance. In fact, Rahman says, â€Å"He is Creator and Sustainer of the universe and of man† (1). Accordingly, He will judge man both on individual and collective basis. Everything that goes in the mind of man is known to God because He is the maker and source of life to man. This is captured in the quote, â€Å"We created man and we know the negative whisperings of his mind are and we are near to him than his jugular vein† (Rahman 2). This shows that man is indeed close to God in terms of appearance and likeness. He is the only one who understands what is going to happen to man. God is a merciful God. His judgment to man is based on mercy after man having fallen short of His glory. God hav ing created man in His own image explains the reason behind His mercy. The relationship therefore between God and man is that of a master and a servant. Man is required to serve God besides being obedient to Him because He is the one who created him. â€Å"Qur’an is man and his behavior, not God’s’ (Rahman 2). Therefore, the relationship that exists between God and man is centered on judgment, either as individual, collective, or social existence. Qur’an is centered on the behavior of man, as it seeks to highlight the conducts of man and the need for man to respect and obey the teachings of God. Man has a duty to seek God to be able to find Him and know him. Man has this duty and should he be unable to find or seek God, he cannot find his grace and love. â€Å"If you cannot find God you will never prove him†, â€Å"the only straight path leads to God† (Rahman 2).Advertising Looking for research paper on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, the relationship between God and man is based on seeking and finding. Man has needs/problems. To find a solution to the challenges, he is mandated to seek God’s indulgence. Rahman argues that God is infinite. He cannot be equated to any other thing that He created. Everything that is on earth is going to vanish except God. Human beings or rather man is one of God’s creations that will be taken away when the last day comes. â€Å"Everything thereon is vanishing†¦remaining only the Face of Your Lord† (Rahman 3). Therefore, man has the duty to continue serving Him to enter God’s kingdom. Those who discern Him or run away from Him will face His wrath. â€Å"Do not be like those who forgot God and [eventually] God caused them to forget themselves† (Rahman 3). According to Rahman, the purpose of man is to â€Å"serve God† (6). God has entrusted man with knowled ge and potentialities to use the armor of God and the nature that God has created him to serve Him. Man has the discretion to use the knowledge and everything that God has created in the universe to do according to His will. Man has the freedom of doing either good or bad. The decision is dependent on man’s choice that God has given him. God communicates with man through various messages that He sends to help in his judgment and choice of doing either good or bad. The relationship between God and man is based on faith in God. Man is required to have faith in God and besides abiding by His words. Therefore, those who deny the existence of God such as the materialistic atheists who do not believe in God have their places when God comes back to judge their deeds. The relationship of God and man comes into reality because God provides unity and value to man. God and man are friends. In fact, Rahman says, â€Å"God, then, becomes the friend of and cooperates with a person who has ‘discovered Him† (8). This friendship is only established when man seeks or finds God. When man searches for God and finds Him, they two form a positive/mutual relationship. Man can therefore find shelter and a home in God. He can therefore seek assistance from God. According to Rahman, God will not judge people based on all the lapses that they committed. However, He is gong to judge them based on their overall performance. If their performance is good, the other lapses that human beings or man has committed shall not be factored in during the judgment day. The Quran, as Rahman reveals, has various scriptures that â€Å"indicate that God will pardon or overlook men’s lapses provided the overall performance is good and beneficial† (21). This shows that the relationship of God and man is indeed not bad but one that is formed based on sympathy and mercy. This is also demonstrated in the quote â€Å"God does not require from any person what is beyond his or her power† (Rahman 21). God will only judge individuals based on their scope of knowledge and power.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Major Themes of the Qur’an specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Main principles that God is expecting from people according to Rahman’s book According to Rahman book, God expects man to follow and do according to His will. God has given man wisdom and knowledge. He has given him the mandate to rule over other creations in the universe. However, God expects man to serve Him by always doing well according to His will. Those people or human beings who go against the will of God are expected to face harsh treatment or punishment. This is quoted in the book, â€Å"for his real nature is to be exalted† (Rahman 15). Man has to struggle through thick and thin to find the path of life. God has done this intentionally and out of His mercy to ensure that Man do es not suffer or go into hell. Furthermore, God requires people to trust and believe in Him. He is the alpha and omega. Therefore, people should not go in their own ways. Any person who removes God in His/her conscience removes the purpose and the meaning of his/her life. He/she is classified as an unrighteous person. God expects man to follow His own nature as opposed to other creatures, which must follow their nature automatically. God has given man the privilege to choose from what is good and bad. There are many vicissitudes in the life of human beings. Therefore, man should be very careful to avoid falling away from God. God expects people to follow His commandants. When God created Adam and breathed in him life, He expected him to abide by the laws and the rules that he was given by God. However, he went against the will of God to commit sin. Rahman says, â€Å"they are contented to live their lives from day to day, indeed from hour to hour, â€Å"they are like cattle, indee d, worse† (14). God also expects people to respect and uphold the principle of equality. All human beings are equal before God. Therefore, they should respect one another. People should not be proud even after God uplifts them. People need to respect their fellow human beings. This is even agitated by the Quran, â€Å"the reason the Quran emphasizes essential human equality†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Rahman 31). Furthermore, God expects people to respect His commands because He is the creator of all the living things, people inclusive. God has created every living and nonliving thing with measure. Therefore, people need to abide by God and respect His commandments. â€Å"We have created everything with a measure†¦if things should break their laws and violate their measure; there would be not an ordered universe, but chaos† (Rahman 46). Rahman also asserts that men are selfish, pride, and narrow-minded, as they worship their gods instead of worshipping God who created them. Th ey run away from the truth by opting to shortcuts where they engage in activities or actions that are against the will of God. God however expects people to come near Him to know Him better besides worshipping Him to be set free. People get involved in falsehood. According to Rahman, men â€Å"†¦worship of false gods, the holy seems unholy, and vice versa† (Rahman 74).Advertising Looking for research paper on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More God expects people to have fear of His name. The fear of God in literal sense means that people need to respect and recognize the existence of a supernatural being who is beyond them and one who requires honor and praise. God is the one who formed the universe and created man. Therefore, He has the mandate to command everything under the universe because it is through His name and powers that all the things under the universe came into being. Rahman refers it as the â€Å"fear of God, and piety† (Rahman 18). Muslims are discarding these words because they take the meaning of the words literary. Every person has the freedom to interpret the words in his/her own way. Hence, men have the right to interpret the words the way they wish. However, the words mean honoring and recognizing God as the only one requiring their praise and fear Conclusion Through his book, ‘Major Themes of the Qur’an’, Rahman has managed to simplify the meaning of the Qur’an. He has interpolated the relationship that exists between God and people. Besides, he has gone further to portray some of the principles that God requires people to uphold. Thus, the book is interesting and a must-read based on the way it provides a limelight of what Qur’an entails. Works Cited Rahman, Fazlur. Major themes of Quran. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2009. Print. This research paper on Major Themes of the Qur’an was written and submitted by user Sharon Kaufman to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Everything You Need to Know About Writing an Interesting Paper Outline

Everything You Need to Know About Writing an Interesting Paper Outline After choosing a great topic and stating strong arguments, it can be hard for many people to write interesting academic papers. You may have many points or thoughts about where you prefer assignment to go, but you will fail to write a good one without your detailed plan of action. This is when an outline comes in handy. It’s a general plan of everything you will discuss in your essay. It’s an effective tool to organize the main facts, connect all ideas, and find the best order to present your major point in a concise manner. What is a Paper Outline? You can easily define it as an efficient organizational plan (about 1 page long) that will help you complete academic assignments. It’s the best way to organize or guide your ideas. An outline breaks down your paper in a hierarchical and clear manner to help you determine its final format or flow. Include such basic parts of any paper outline as body paragraphs, your strong conclusion, and introduction with a thesis statement. Why do You Need a Paper Outline? Spending your time on making a paper outline will improve your understanding of a specific subject and simplify the entire writing process. Some teachers even ask their students to submit a plan before they start completing academic assignments because it’s very helpful. Why should you create a paper outline? There are different reasons to do that, including: Showing the logical order or hierarchical links of background information; Keeping track of your search; Organizing different threads. ORDER PAPER OUTLINE 6 Basic paper outline purposes Helping you to organize a list of all thoughts; Simplifying your process of writing; Showing connections in ideas; Presenting your writing in its logical form; Determining groups or special boundaries; Constructing a brief and ordered overview of your essay. How to Plan your Paper Outline It can help you organize all ideas before you start, but you should pick a brilliant topic first. You can choose a broad subject because creating a detailed plan will help you narrow it down to come clear arguments. Your outline will help you plan the structure of any paper. What is an Introduction? In this essay paragraph, it’s necessary to clearly state your major argument, purpose of your academic assignment, and how you will approach a particular topic. Briefly explain the points that your paper outline covers, why targeted readers should feel interested in your subject, and answer a few basic questions. Why are you writing your essay? Is it a book review or a problem analysis? Body paragraphs - in body paragraphs, you present strong arguments, develop relevant discussions to support your thesis, and make readers believe that your stance is correct. Find a few supporting facts for every major point. Start with a strong argument, write separate topic sentences and transitions. What is a thesis? It declares your beliefs and what your essay will prove. A strong thesis can make a huge difference in retelling facts and your thoughtful academic assignment, so state it powerfully. It helps you focus your research because you should check many sources of information to identify key questions and choose suitable materials for your paper outline. Place your thesis at the end of your introduction. A concluding paragraph - this section should reword or restate your thesis, sum up all arguments, and explain why you make a specific conclusion. How to Write your Paper Outline Start with ordering your major subtopics in a chronological or any other suitable order and label them with Roman numerals. Choose a few points for every category. Make this choice based on the purpose of your writing and all the supporting materials that you have because they will structure the second level of your paper outline. Indent and label them in letters. Feel free to expand your ideas with sub-points if needed. If any of them are big topics that require extra details to explain, put them in the next level of your paper outline. Indent and label them in ordinary numbers. Add more layers if needed and use lowercase letters, numbers, and lowercase Roman numerals to create your logical paper outline. Most students prefer to include 3-4 layers in their paper outline. Look at your prepared outline and think about a conclusion and if it matches the goals of writing your academic paper. Add more subtopics if you don’t have enough facts to support it. GET HELP WITH AN OUTLINE FOR MY PAPER Set important paper outline goals Your essay can inform other people about a given topic, persuade them of your stance, or reflect on personal experiences. Set basic goals for your academic assignment and use these effective approaches: Present causes and effects of any significant historical event (conduct your in-depth research); Compare and contrast events, people, or books (apply your critical analysis skills); Describe how personal experiences shaped you (practice excellent communication skills). Gather supporting materials They’re useful for your paper outline and final drafts. Pay attention to subtopics with relevant ideas, stats, or quotes because they will become major parts of your detailed plan. Note down where you get any information to avoid plagiarism. Pick the best paper outline type There are two basic options to choose from: A sentence outline of your paper uses complete sentences, relies on many details, and lists separate bullet points; A topic outline of your paper uses short phrases. If you have any difficulties with your paper outline, our helping hand is only a few clicks away because our professional writers are ready to complete assignment for you at affordable rates.

Humanities is enjoyable Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Humanities is enjoyable - Essay Example It is a prerequisite for many courses. It builds foundation for further learning in many areas of study. It introduces students to fields that deal with studies of human beings and their culture (Blessinger and Carfora, 2014). Learning humanities was helpful in acquiring knowledge on how human beings process and document human experience. The discipline included studying religion, music, philosophy, history, literature, and language of understanding the world. I realized that humanities have objectives that are speculative and critical. We also covered classical studies, law, anthropology, archaeology, semiotics, and communication studies (Zepeda and Mayock, 2014. We were able to discover historical backgrounds behind certain cultural events. After learning humanities as a discipline, I developed a comprehensive understanding of the human culture and social relations. During the sessions, we learnt that there are modes of expressions concerning some subjects that fall under the classification of humanities. After gaining knowledge on the discipline, we felt a sense of connection and appreciation towards our various cultures. Blessinger, Patrick, and Carfora, J, M.. 2014. Inquiry-Based Learning for the Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences A Conceptual and Practical Resource for Educators. Bradford: Emerald Group Publishing

Multi-generational Sustainability Perspectives and Practices Research Paper

Multi-generational Sustainability Perspectives and Practices - Research Paper Example In addition, this study aims at identifying the similarities and differences between the environmental perspectives between the two generations. The respondents were asked to rate the environment in their local community, their nation, and the world. Data was obtained through interviewing grandparents, parents, and fellow students. The data obtained was qualitatively analyzed to determine the similarities and differences in environmental perspectives between the two generations. The results, except for few surprises, were what one would expect. Most of the respondents believed that their local environments were to some extend satisfactory, while the global environment was in immense trouble. In addition, the respondents differed and concurred on some perspectives towards the environment Discussion People hold different perspectives about the environment. The way people perceive the environment determines the way they use natural resources, their consumption practices, recreation, tra vel, and food sources and storage. People’s perspectives on the environment have been divided into four classes: imperialism, utilitarianism, stewardship and romanticism. These groups of perspectives account for majority of the opinions and perspectives that most individuals hold about the environment. The opinion of stewardship holds that people have a certain responsibility and privilege in relation to their surroundings, as stewards of the environment. This is similar to what nearly all the grandparents and parents hold towards the environment. Most of the elderly noted that they believe that it is their duty, as human beings, to take care of the environment, and to treat anything that is on it with respect. One thing that came out of the interview with the elderly is that, the environment consists of both the living and non living things. The elderly consider the environment as sacred and that it is biblical to take care of it. They consider it a religious duty of every i ndividual to take care of the environment. These respondents viewed the environment as uncontrollable, unpredictable and powerful, and the only thing they can do is to be fatalistic, and accept the good and the bad that comes from it. This view implies that people can only be submissive in the face of environment. This submissive nature of the environment dates back to history, according to Nash (1967), and is based on the inability of the people to control nature and on the association of the environment with the supernatural. Just like stewardship, imperialism is connected to the biblical perspective of the environment. Some of the fellow students believe that the environment was created and given over to mankind to explore and rule over it. Among the youth and the parent respondents, they feel that there is no sacred bond that exists between God and the environment. They believe that by ruling over the environment and controlling it would earn them respect from God. This gives th e reason for the extreme actions against the environment while trying to control and rule over it. This can be attributed to the rapid increase in environmental degradation among the youths. Ancient imperialists practiced and offered sacrifices to God. One of the ancient imperialists suggested that conquering nature is the highest aspiration an

The Oil Politics Essay Example for Free

The Oil Politics Essay The controversy over oil has been raging for quite a while. It has played into the international politics and the politics of terrorism. The Middle East is the most volatile area of the world at present. Israel is viewed as a satellite of the United States located in the Arab world to represent the superpowers interests in the region. Incidentally the Middle East is a region endowed with oil, a precious commodity sought after by every government. The main occupation and foreign exchange earner for these countries is therefore oil and petroleum products with which they use as a bargaining chip in the global arena. The current fluctuation in the price of petroleum around the world is a cause of worry. Some analysts are leveling blame on the oil producing countries claiming they have deliberately raised the oil prices. On their side, the countries have refuted the allegations instead blaming the rise to private entrepreneurs who hoard the commodity with the hope that prices would increase even further. Apart from the Middle East, North Africa has got also oil deposits. Coincidentally the region is also dominated by Arabs, who have formed grouping the organization of petroleum exporting countries OPEC. As importers complain of the rising oil prices, oil exporters celebrate the economic boom as a result of the rise in prices. Their gross domestic product increases and the general standards of living appreciate. As usual with the developed world to get their hands into any opportunity presenting itself, the oil industry is attracting foreign companies into Africa to help in the exploration of oil. New exploration sites are discovered in the vast continent of Africa, especially in the north. The bedeviled state of Mauritania is so far the latest country in Africa to join the league of oil exporters after explorations proved positive results. Since Exploration costs are damn expensive but this is not a hindrance to the exercise Africa is witnessing the largest investment in the continent ever, in the oil exploration field. Since the year 1990 more than US $20 billion has been spend on explorations around the continent and a further $50 billion is expected to have been spent by the end of the decade. Dominating the oil industry are three international companies, shell, Total and Chevron. Shell is a British Dutch consortium which invested 15% of its global exploration and production budget in the continent of Africa. France-based Total and America-based Chevron has invested 30% and 35% respectively in the industry in Africa. The American oil company has planned for United States$20 billion to be invested in Africa for a five year period. The Gulf of Guinea is the most appropriate part of Africa at the moment attracting the different exploration companies. It is an area with deep waters. This area found in the Western Coast of Africa just at the â€Å"armpit† is suspected to be having large deposits of the precious commodity. Some oil has already been discovered within the coverage area of the Gulf but more is still to be discovered as exploration progresses. Other sub-Saharan countries endowed with oil albeit smaller in quantities are southern Sudan and Southern Chad both under semi desert conditions. They have been producing oil and exporting in small quantities. The explorations are however taking place to find out if more can be tapped. The East Africa margin covering Kenya, Somalia and Tanzania are among targets of explorers for oil. The United States is warming up to reap from the harvest of oil and petroleum products from Africa. The country has been watching Africa from a distant making its calculations on how to have the continents oil. Discoveries in Africa increased making headlines in the last decade. The United States predicted an increase of its oil sourced from Africa by 10% from 16% to 25% by the 2015 the year when the United Nations’ millennium Development Goals are expected to have been achieved. In a report released in December of 2000 the United States National Intelligence Council predicted sub-Saharan Africa’s raise to prominence in the global energy markets. The council is a consultant for the central Intelligence Agency. If the predications come true, then the continent would be ahead of Saudi Arabia in terms of oil export to the United States. In close relation to this, the United States Vice President Dick Cheney formed a taskforce to compile a strategic report on oil. The report finalized by stating that West Africa will soon be among the fastest growing sources in the world in production of oil and gas for the United States (Basedau) As stated earlier, the United States receives around 16% of its oil from Africa a figure is expected to increase to 25% in 2015. at the current consumption rate the United States feels there is due need to increase oil energy inputs. This, the National Security strategy notes will be achieved by the United States strengthening its ties with the continent. In an effort for the United States achieving its dream it plans to invest in democracy crusades to strengthen the political systems in prospective source countries of oil. This is time as some of the target areas are marred by violence a situation that may make it difficult for exploration and transportation of oil. Examples in this case are Nigeria, a country rocked by a rebellion in the Niger Delta where oil is mined. The rebellion is led by people complaining of unfairness in the way resources are distributed. Chad is also facing the same problem with so many attempted coups, necessitating intervention by France to bring order and due process. Southern Sudan is equally bedeviled by the political instability problems. Of late, the Southern Sudanese leader Omar Hassan El Bashir has been recommended for arrest by the international criminal court prosecutor Moreno Ocampo for committing acts of genocide among other crimes against humanity. The fact that oil is in Southern Sudan a section that is demanding its independence from the mainland is a sign of worse times to come. This explains why the United States is busy pushing for a democratic regime in the region. On the 17th of May 2001 President Bush remarked on the importance of diversifying the source of energy used. He mentioned that overdependence on one source may result into a rude shock subjecting the United States to blackmail, supply interruptions and price shocks. The alternative available then remains to search for other sources west cost of Africa being in the list. Other areas are Latin America and the Caspian Sea basin (Klare, 2004). In Africa therefore, United States is planning for Nigeria, Angola and the states within the Gulf of Guinea. However the greatest hindrance for the United States would be as mentioned earlier, the political and ethnic tensions in the oil producing countries. The Delta region in Nigeria had the United States and other explores sent packing in 2003 due to the ethnic animosities and demands for more community project funding. The site produces much of onshore oil in Nigeria. The demands of these groups brought about massive vandalism of oil exploration sites causing a downsizing of Nigeria’s oil production instead of increasing. In its commitment to tap oil from Africa, the United States has therefore opted to give military assistance to friendly regimes to help them fight the menace of the cartels and armed groups blackmailing the government. Nigeria and Angola received United States assistance totaling to three hundred million American dollars from 2002 to 2004. The Excess Defense Articles program of the Pentagon also advanced eligibility to the two countries to receive surplus arms for the same reason. The United States has also been considering establishing naval bases especially in Nigeria and the Sao, Tome and Principe Islands. Currently the United States is supplied with oil from various countries with the highest supplier being Canada. Mexico and Saudi Arabia follow in the list in that order with Venezuela and the African country of Nigeria closing the top five list. Five to eight percent of 20 million barrels total United States demand per day is what each of these countries supply to the United States. An analysis of the 2005 oil supply to the United States puts Latin America highest at 34% of the total imports to the United States. The Middle East comes second supplying 24% while Africa supplied 19%. Canada stood at 16% and lastly Europe and Asia exported seven percent to the United States (Kern 2006). Africa’s oil is advantageous for its lack of sulphur thus making it preferable for stringent refined product requirements. It gives it a growing share in the market for refining centers in the United States. It is estimated that the Economic Community of West African States, ECOWAS, holds 3% of the total oil reserves globally. This is to the environs of 40 billion barrels, in the West African region alone (Kern 2006). The figures provided are conservative as the total estimates proven or otherwise may be more by four percent- that is 7%. West Africa countries the Bush Administration is targeting include- and the order remains arbitrary- Equatorial Guinea, Angola, Chad, Nigeria, Gabon and Congo. The fifth largest supplier of oil to the United States, Nigeria is the largest producer in Africa with a daily pumping of 2 million barrels. The figures also represent the quantity produced per day by Iraq before it was unilaterally invaded by the United States in March 2003. Being a member of the international cartel- the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries- Nigeria has to go by the policies and standards set by this grouping. They include limiting production to a certain level subject to the world market conditions. Due to a weak political system, Nigeria, with a population in excess of 130 million people is wallowing in the miasma of corruption and bad governance. Its annual per capita income reduced substantially from US $1000 to a mere $390 in 2006 with most of the proceeds from oil finding its way into individual’s pockets. The continent’s most populous nation earned more than US $300 in 25 years to 2006 but the revenue was shared among the bourgeoisie and the political elite. Only 1% of the population benefit effectively from 80% of the oil proceeds according to the World Bank (Kern 2006). In its recommendation, a 2005 report by the Center for Strategic and International Studies pointed out that America should prioritize explicitly the security and governance issue in the Gulf of Guinea in its foreign policy towards the continent. Titled â€Å"A Strategic US Approach to Governance and Security in the Gulf of Guinea† the report called for a promulgation of a robust and comprehensive policy for the West African region (Kerk 2006). As a matter of strategy the United States is considering softer military interventions in the continent. Through the Pentagon’s Trans-Saharan Counter-Terrorism Initiative, the United States provides military training to some nine African countries on ways of dealing with terrorism and on how to effect regional security. The US is further planning on establishing military bases in some African countries bordering the ocean for strategic reasons. Nigeria The damning story is the bloodshed and the hostage taking in Nigeria in Ogoniland. Hostage taking of foreigners is a way of life with the perpetrators demanding for resource control and access to oil money. The continent in general is a hotspot for oil, as east Africa is just about becoming the next oil boom for the continent, after the successful explorations in the west. In the East however, China would be the beneficiary due to proximity, the reason why it has its explorers in Kenya and Sudan. Nigeria is a strategic partner for the west. As the anchor for British and American foreign policies in Africa, the country has developed warm relations with the west. It is the most populous country in Africa with one out of every six Africans being a Nigerian (Ghazrinian 2007). The country has a large experienced army participating in peace-keeping missions around the world. The oil in Africa has not been used to its optimum potential. It is a bad news in some countries bringing on to the continent proxy wars of the west. China for instance gets 30% of its oil from Africa (Ghazvinian 2007). Of this 10% is from the Sudan where the Asian country has been accused of supplying ammunitions to the Sudanese Government, the ammunitions which are used to terrorize the people of Darfur in southern Sudan. The positive side of the Chinese is however, the human resource base they help build in Africa. They have participated in the development of infrastructure in Africa, as is the Angolan case where they jetted in for construction of railway line and tarmac roads with minimal conditions. Getting to the central African country of Chad, a country marred by violence and political instability. The country is in the Sahel region, twice the size of France with a 400 km-long paved road. It is among the poorest countries on earth, with the national airline having only one airplane. Ironically, the country lacks any gas station yet it produces the commodity. Its people are languishing in hell yet the country exports crude oil through Cameroon to Europe and America. The oil is traded through ExxonMobil Company. Worth mentioning also is the fact that some of these oil producing countries have the largest gaps between the poor and rich. In fact they are gulfs, not even gaps. The rich continue flourishing out of oil proceeds with the lower cadre of society languishing in abject poverty, malnutrition, diseases and low education, and living on less than a US$ a day! This then encourages prostitution as the effluent individual use the poor fellows as sex objects thus contributing to the spread of HIV/AIDS among other infections venereal diseases (Ghazvinian 2007). The oil factor is a cause of anarchy in most African countries. Democratic reforms are poised to increase with the decrease of oil revenues, as taxes would take up the position currently received for oil revenue. The regime has been neglecting the tax-paying middle class, concentrating instead on oil revenue thus neglecting social reforms. The case in Gabon is a pretty example. It is only when world oil prices fell and prospects for a decline in Gabonese oil realized that the Omar Bongo regime considered the economic reforms by the Breton Woods institutions aimed at democratization. The opposition gained a voice in governmental affairs as was a rise in civil society groups. He had to limit state allocations in 1986 after facing a rear break in the oil industry (Basedau). The presence of petrol-dollars retards people’s thinking on alternative income. Banana project, for instance, has been neglected yet it can earn handsomely to the nation and entrepreneurs in particular. Now they have left unpicked bananas as they import goodies from abroad. Sao Tome and Principe is yet another tiny African Island rocked in political instability but rich in oil resources yet to be exploited. It is facing a dilemma over how to share billions of barrels of oil reserves, offshore its territory. Anticipated are hostilities from its neighbors including the popular Nigeria. As tiny as it is, the country is so different from Africa: from its politics, society and culture. It is more European with little if any traces of African lifestyle (Ghazvinian 2007). In a 2003 speech in Washington USA, Sao, Tome and Principe President Fradique de Menez reiterated his hope and commitment that his Island would not drown into civil war, ethnic hatred and economic regression, because of oil. Oil is instead supposed to bring more development and economic satisfaction to the population (Ghazvinian). The country is however miserably poor with only high school but without any university. Half of the capital city is occupied by government officer. The national budget sums to a meager $50 million financed majorly from agriculture and fishing. Agricultural produce are coffee and cacao, putting the island in the list of the major recipients of direct aid relative to GDP as 35million is received annually in the form of international development aid. The country is not strange to armed coups. It is among the African countries who political cultures are informed by armed coups. Between 1991 and 2007, the island experienced fourteen changes of guard, with more uncertainties expected in case oil would be discovered. Nigeria is on record as having help crush an armed rebellion in Sao Tome in 2003,a clean indication of its involvement in the tiny African state.

The Russian Revolution at the Kronstadt Navel Base Essay -- European E

The Russian Revolution at the Kronstadt Navel Base Most popular uprisings in recent history have been characterized by a brief period of incredible potential and hope, only to collapse in failure and despair. Even the supposedly 'successful' Russian Revolution of 1917 followed this pattern. Revolutionaries threw off centuries of imperial rule and oppression in order to create a new world of freedom, peace and equality... only to end up with Stalin, purges, gulags, dekulakization - and ultimately decades of Bolshevik1 rule and oppression. Although it can sometimes be disheartening to review this long history of failure and oppression, valuable insights can be gained by investigating these past revolutions. The achievements and promise of the revolutionaries can be studied and their strengths marked. The weaknesses that led to their eventual defeat and decay must also be understood, so that the same mistakes are not made again. This article will address these themes in the context of the Russian Revolution at the Kronstadt navel base.2 Kronstadt deserves special attention for several reasons. The workers, soldiers and sailors at Kronstadt used the Revolution to build "a bustling, self-governing, egalitarian and highly politicized Soviet democracy, the like of which had not been seen in Europe since the days of the Paris Commune."3 This was the great promise of Kronstadt, which Trotsky praised as "the pride and glory of the Russian Revolution."4 Nowhere in Russia, however, was the failure of the revolution so dramatically illustrated as at Kronstadt. After the Bolsheviks consolidated their control of the base in mid-1918, Kronstadt made one last "desperate attempt to restore and reactivate its radical Soviet democracy."5 This... ...or illegally celebrating May Day. 13. Quoted in Getzler, Kronstadt 1917 - 1921 , 18. 14. Ibid., 22 - 26. 15. Ibid., 23 - 24. 16. Ibid., 246 - 247. 17. Ibid., 22 - 24. 18. Ibid., 248. 19. Ibid., 49. 20. Ibid., 36 - 37. 21. Ibid., 42, 254. 22. Ibid., 50, 36. 23. Ibid., 251. 24. Ibid., 58. 25. Ibid., 119. 26. Ibid., 181, 250. 27. Ibid., 186 - 187. 28. Ibid., 188. 29. Ibid., 190 - 191. 30. Ibid., 202. 31. Ibid., ix. 32. Ibid., 204. 33. Avrich, Kronstadt 1921, 78 - 81. 34. Ibid., 75 - 76. 35. Ibid., 5. 36. See, for instance, David Schaich, Kronstadt 1921: An Analysis of Bolshevik Propaganda (Unpublished, 2001), http://halogen.note.amherst.edu/~daschaich/writings/academic/kronstadt1921.html 37. Figes, A People's Tragedy, 768. 38. Avrich, Kronstadt 1921, 3. 39. Ibid., 229. 40. Getzler, Kronstadt 1917 - 1921, 46. 41. Ibid., 246. 42. Ibid., 252.

Surface Tension

Processed Data: Table 1: Data in measuring the height of the water Trial| Height of water (m)| 1| 0. 032| 2| 0. 032| 3| 0. 032| Average:| 0. 032| Table 2: Values for measuring the radius of capillary Temperature| 30 degrees Celsius| Density @ 30 degrees Celsius| 995. 67 kg m-3| Acceleration due to gravity| 9. 8 m s2| Height of water| 0. 032 m| Surface tension of [email  protected] 30 degrees Celsius| 7. 118 X 10-2 N m| Radius of capillary tube| 4. 5592825 X 10-4 m| Table 3: Values for the height of n-butanol solutions in capillary tube Temperature| Trial| 0. 1 M| 0. 2 M| 0. 4 M| 0. M| 0. 8 M| 30 degrees Celsius| 1| 0. 022| 0. 023| 0. 023| 0. 024| 0. 025| | 2| 0. 022| 0. 023| 0. 024| 0. 025| 0. 026| | 3| 0. 022| 0. 024| 0. 024| 0. 025| 0. 026| Average| 0. 022| 0. 0233| 0. 0237| 0. 0247| 0. 0257| Table 4: Values for surface tension Concentration| Density (kg m3)| Acc. due to gravity (m s-2)| Height (m)| Radius (m)| Surface tension (N m-1)| 0. 1 M| 910| 9. 8| 0. 022| 4. 5592825 X 10-4 | 0. 04472564947| 0. 2 M| 920| | 0. 0233| | 0. 04788906204| 0. 4 M| 930| | 0. 0237| | 0. 04917091975| 0. 6 M| 940| | 0. 0247| | 0. 05187013633| 0. 8 M| 950| | 0. 0257| | 0. 545442923| Table 5: Values for excess concentration, cross-sectional area, & molecular radius of n-butanol Temperature| 303 K| Excess concentration| 7. 9387 mol m-2| Cross-sectional area| 2. 09 X 1048 A| Molecular radius of n-butanol| 8. 156394192 X 1023 A| Figure 1: Plot of n-butanol concentration versus surface tension Figure 2: Plot of surface tension versus ln C Discussion: The objective of the experiment is to use the capillary rise method to determine the surface tension of the working solution – in this case, the increasing concentrations of n-butanol solution.In a solution, molecules experience intermolecular forces with each other. However, the molecules in the surface of the solution experience less intermolecular force because part of it is exposed to a different phase. Therefore, there is a ten dency for the â€Å"bulk† solution to pull the molecules from the surface towards them. This concept is applied in a rain droplet, where because of the pull by the bulk part of the solution, it shapes into a form of a sphere – a shape with the least surface area. The rise of the solution in the capillary tube is the result of cohesion and adhesion.Cohesion is the attraction of molecules within the same phase while adhesion refers to the attraction of molecules of different phases; say the n-butanol solution and the walls of the capillary tube. If the adhesion force is stronger than the cohesion force, the walls of the capillary tube will be wet, which in turn attracts molecules from the bulk of the solution upward until the pressure exerted from outside (environment) of the capillary tube is equal to the forces that lifts the solution upwards.This equilibrium point will be used to determine the height of the rise of the solution, which is a factor in determining the su rface tension of the solution. Different concentrations of n-butanol solution were prepared in volumetric flasks. Then the radius of the capillary tube was identified by performing the capillary rise method using deionized water. With the given surface tension of water at 30 degrees Celsius, the radius was calculated: r=2? pgh Surfactants are molecules that have a nonpolar tail and a polar end.It lowers the surface tension from two different phases because of its ability to â€Å"pull† the molecules toward the molecules in the surface area. N-butanol is a surfactant therefore, it is hypothesized that the surface tension will decrease as the concentration of this surfactant in the solution increases. However, in the experiment, the results stated otherwise, that the more concentrated the n-butanol in the solution is, the higher the surface tension it manifests, as shown in figure 1.The equation used to compute for the surface tension is: ? = pghr2 where p is the density, g is the acceleration due to gravity, h is the height of the solution and r is the radius of the capillary. Sources of error can come from the deviating temperatures of the balance room and the laboratory. The capillary rise method should have been performed immediately right after identifying the density of the solution since a little change in temperature could greatly affect the behavior of the solution.Moreover, the long duration of time in performing the capillary rise method could possibly turn the solution back again to two layered phases, instead of a homogenous mixture therefore, what is measured is the height of the crude deionized wated rather than the solution. Also, another source of error could be the prolonged â€Å"stagnant† state of the other solutions in the volumetric flask where the alcohols present in the solution could possibly be turned into vapor state inside the flasks.The behavior of the n-butanol is to converge to each other and replace the water molecul es at the surface. The concentration of this surfactant becomes bigger than the molecules in the bulk which gives the excess of concentration denoted by: ? = -sRT where s is the slope of the best-fit line by plotting the surface tension against ln C (concentration in mol m-3), R is the ideal gas constant, and the T is the temperature in Kelvin. The value of ? , is used to calculate the value of the cross-sectional molecule of n-butanol, as well as the molecular radius of the chemical.Conclusion: Although the result stated otherwise, the concept of surface tension and the relationship of the concentration of the surfactant were understood with further research of other related experiments. Despite this, the use of capillary rise method gave way to compute for the radius without directly measuring it, but instead by having a given surface tension and determining the other sufficient factors in the Laplace equation. Sample Calculations: radius of capillary= 2(0. 07118Nm)995. 67kgm39. 8 ms2(0. 0320m)=0. 00046m urface tension= 910kgm39. 8ms20. 022m(0. 00046m)2=0. 045Nm excess concentration= -0. 0028. 314JKmol(303K)= 0. 00000079Jmol cross-sectional area= 10. 00000079Jmol10101m216. 022X1023molecules=2. 09X10^48A molecular radius= 2. 09X10^48Avalue of pi=8. 16X10^23A Literature Cited: Chang, Raymond. Physical Chemistry for the Chemical and Biological Sciences. 3rd ed. Sausalito, CA: University Science Books, 2000. Print. Page 840. csustan. Surface Tension and Soap Bubbles . 03 February 1999. 25 June 2012. . Prpich, A. , et. al. Tension at the Surface: Which Phase Is More Important, Liquid or Vapor?. 2009 Value of density @ 30 degrees Celsius taken from: Value of ideal gas constant taken from: < Mohr, Peter J. ; Taylor, Barry N. ; Newell, David B. (2008). â€Å"CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants: 2006†. Rev. Mod. Phys. 80 (2): 633–730. >. Value of surface tension of water @ 30 taken from: < Lange, p. 1663>